Linear motion A Nexus mindmap I much prefer a stack of numbers to represent the components to using unit vectors. It's much easier to see what is going on, and linear transformations on vectors can be prepresented as matrices. 0 0 0 0 1 Position is simple enough. In general this will be a vector. 3 0 0 1 Since position is a vector, we are free to choose the basis in which to express the vector. This does not have to be an orthogonal basis, it just has to span the space. However choosing an orthogonal basis means that often the physics is independent in each dimention. 2 2 0 0 By v^2 we mean the length of v squared. i.e. the dot-product with itself. 0 0 1 1 0 1 2 0 First we'll take a look at motion in a line just to remind outselves of the form of various relationships in kinematics and dynamics. 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 Basic relationships that govern the dynamics of objects 4 0 1 2 0 For a whole lof of particles each particle and dimension contributes to the kinetic energy independently. 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 Note that because the force derives from the derivative of the potential, any constant terms in the potential have absolutely no effect on the dynamics. i.e. we are free to place the zero of the potential wherever we like. 2 1 3 2 0 1 0 0 0 We are doing something crazy here - we are adding all the force vectors together as if that means something. 3 With n particles there will be n(n-1) such forces (which is always even) 1 Because of Newton's 3rd law the total force vector is zero for all the forces between the particles. An interpretation of this remarkable result is that the total momentum is not changing in time. 0 2 1 This is the same argument as before 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 Imagine some complicated object with lots of internal interactions as well as external forces 3 It would be really neat if we could write this expression in the form of F = ma ... 0 2 2 0 1 So we CAN write the expression in the form F = ma . It describes the motion of a ficticious point particle with the total mass, located somewhere within the collections of particles. 0 2 3 5 1 Say we have an object composed of two pieces A , and B . Where is the centre of mass R ? 0 Divide and conquer 4 3 What about rocket propulsion? 0 4 (Because we will be concerned with rotations not linear motion) 0 5 3 Linear motion